Огнянова-Кривошиева, И. Малцинствената политика на усташкия режим в Хърватия (1941-1945)

The wartime situation in Croatia (1941-1945) afforded room for the explosion of national and religious animosities that had existed for centuries, which escalated in all their wartime brutality. The core of the Ustasha nationalism was the policy towards the minority groups, which represented approximately one-half of the population of Independent State of Croatia (ISC). One was the attitude towards the Muslims, who were declared as a part of the Croatian nation; and completely different towards the rest essential national groups – Serbs, Jews and Gypsies, who were declared for the “biggest enemies of the Croatian people”, were
deprived of civil and human rights and subjected to severe persecutions and discrimination. This policy was due to the multi-national and multi-religious character of the ISC, which boundaries incorporated Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the Croats were living together not only with Orthodox Serbs, but with Moslems too.

The deportation and liquidation of Serbs and Jews with an aim of creation of a “pure living space” for Croats and Muslims was an important task for the new regime, but there is a difference and specifics in its ideological grounding. Unlike anti-Semitism which was external influence, anti-Serbism was bounded in the local tradition. Solving of the “Jews question” copied the racial policy of the Germans, but the “Serbian issue” was a specific problem for the Ustasha regime.

The Ustasha hatred towards the Serbs living in their territory was due to the fact that they were a sizable “minority” in the ISC – they represented one-third of the population of the country. It was clear that they would never accept the Croatian state as their own and would always struggle against it, claiming for separation and incorporation into Serbia. For this reason, the Ustashas
directed their political energy predominantly against the Serbs. The Jews and Gypsies were fewer in number, therefore not so dangerous for the future of the ISC. They were defined as “non-Aryans” and were persecuted as racially inferior and dangerous people.

Independent State of Croatia, Ustasha Regime, minority policy

Извори

Centralen Darzhaven arhiv (CDA) [ЦДА]

Hrvatski Državni arhiv (HDA)

f.211 – Hrvatski državni sabor Nezavisne države Hrvatske – Zagreb (1942-1945).

f.227 – Ministarstvo vanjskih poslova – Zagreb (1941–1945).

f.249 – „Ustaša„. Hrvatski oslobodilački pokret – Zagreb (1941-1945).

f.252 – Ravnateljstvo ustaškog redarstva. Židovski odsjek – Zagreb (1941-1942).

National Archives and Record Administration, Washington, D.C. (NARA)

Records of the Department of State Relating to Internal Affairs of Yugoslavia 1930-1944, M 1203, Decimal File 860H

Hrvatski narod (HN)

Hrvatska smotra

Narodne novine

Nezavisna država Hrvatska (NDH)

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